It is collected by foraging honey bees and transported to the hive in the pollen baskets known as corbicula on their hind legs (Kevan and Baker 1983 Willmer 2011).
Bee-collected pollen consists of pollen grains from flowering plants (including bushes and trees), as well as nectar and salivary secretion from the bees.
#Bee pollen full#
It provides a full spectrum of not only nutrients, mainly amino acids and lipids, but also carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes (Feás et al. Pollen, the male gametophyte of gymnosperms and angiosperms, represents the main protein and lipid source for honey bees ( Apis mellifera). The existing spectrum of microorganisms in the environment can be revealed in pollen samples from plants (Anderson et al. Aspergillus and Zygosaccharomyces fractions increased during storage at 30 ☌, which could negatively impact the pollen quality if it is used as a dietary supplement. The fungal genera proportion Cladosporium and Mycosphaerella decreased, while Zygosaccharomyces and Aspergillus increased during storage. Further, we noticed that fungal communities in pollen are particularly sensitive to storage conditions. Interestingly, the bacterial communities between pollen samples from different locations varied only slightly, whereas for fungal community compositions, this effect was substantially increased. The samples were analyzed using 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing and characterized by palynological analysis. In this study, freshly collected bee pollen was sampled at different locations and stored under various storage conditions to examine the hypothesis that storage conditions may have an effect on the composition of microorganisms in pollen samples. Environmental microorganisms contained in freshly collected pollen can lead to spoilage by degradation of pollen components. When harvesting bee-collected pollen as a dietary supplement for human consumption, timely preservation of the freshly collected pollen is fundamental for product quality. Analysis of plant pollen can provide valuable insights into the existing spectrum of microorganisms in the environment.
0 kommentar(er)
